About the bird Diet:Almost exclusively Sheoak/Allocasuarina seeds Average Lifespan: Up to 30 years Size: 40-50cm Scientific name: Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus (Kangaroo Island species) Indigenous names: tiwu - Kaurna (SA), garada, garal - Dharug (NSW), bilirr - Gamilaraay (NSW), yuyang - Wiradjuri (NSW), wamburun - Ngunnawal (ACT/NSW), wayilayn - western Bundjalung (QLD), Ponponturong - Djabwurrung (VIC), biliirrgan - Gumbaynggirr (NSW), and many others Status:South-eastern glossy black cockatoo: Vulnerable
Kangaroo Island glossy black cockatoo: Endangered
TheSouth Australian Glossy Black Cockatoo(Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus; GBC) is now only found on Kangaroo Island (an island just off South Australia, reachable by plane or ferry), after becoming extinct from the mainland in the 1970s.
This subspecies ofGBCis very atypical when it comes to cockatoos, unlike its' cousin in theGalah,GBCsare very quiet birds, and can often be noticed when crunching down on Sheoak cones.
Kangaroo Island - about 2.5 hours away from Adelaide by car and ferry (or a quick flight) is where you can find Glossy Black Cockatoos in the wild in South Australia
Other subspecies of theGBCcan be found in the South East of Queensland to Eastern Victoria and are a threatened species. The SA subspecies is smaller but has a bigger bill than those along the Great Dividing Range and east coast of Australia.
TheGlossy Black Cockatoohas a strong spiritual cultural connection and carries deep cultural significance for Aboriginal Australians. This beloved species features heavily in songlines, Dreaming stories and is a vital part of many language groups’ Traditional Ecological Knowledge.
The town of Nowra is named after the Yuin name for black cockatoo. Mount Cambewarra is the site of the black cockatoos' Creation story, where a white cockatoo flew over a major bushfire and turned black.
Glossiesplay a vital ecological role in their environment. Their presence can be a sign of healthy, biodiverse forest as they need old eucalypts with hollows to nest in and casuarina seeds to feed on, all within flying distance (they have been known to fly over a kilometre away from their nests to access food). As seed-eaters, glossies act as forest gardeners, occasionally pruning branches while eating seeds from cones.
Fun Fact: Glossy Black Cockatoos only hold Sheoak cones with their left foot.
Glossy Black Cockatoosare monogamous, meaning each adult bird pairs with one partner for life. They typically lay one egg every one to two years and, occasionally, a second one if the first doesn’t survive. The female incubates the egg for around 30 days while the male provides food and protection, ensuring the well-being of the female and the egg until it hatches.
Adult males have plain brown heads and bright red panels in their tail feathers. where females have barred red tail panels and yellow markings on their head, especially around the neck.
UnlikeGalahswho can be in flocks of a thousand,GBCstend to prefer to keep to smaller crowds, usually pairs, trios or very small groups.
A trio of Glossy Black Cockatoos
How did it go extinct on mainland South Australia?
The clearance of their feeding habitat (Drooping Sheoak), the primary food source ofGBCs, was the likely cause of their extinction on mainland South Australia. They also face the threat of their eggs and nestlings being targeted by the many brushtail possums in Australia.
Galahs, little corellas and feral honey bees all compete with theGBCs for tree hollows, and little corellas andgalahshave been recorded smashingGBCeggs and have been implicated in the killing of small nestlings.
While you can only find theSouth Australian Glossy Black Cockatooon Kangaroo Island, they are still under threat from possums andgalahs(both have been known to eat or destroy eggs), bees who use the same tree cavities to build their hives, bushfires, and occasionally Wedge Tailed Eagles.
About the bird Diet:Almost exclusively Sheoak/Allocasuarina seeds Average Lifespan: Up to 30 years Size: 40-50cm Scientific name: Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus (Kangaroo Island species) Indigenous names: tiwu - Kaurna (SA), garada, garal - Dharug (NSW), bilirr - Gamilaraay (NSW), yuyang - Wiradjuri (NSW), wamburun - Ngunnawal (ACT/NSW), wayilayn - western Bundjalung (QLD), Ponponturong - Djabwurrung (VIC), biliirrgan - Gumbaynggirr (NSW), and many others Status:South-eastern glossy black cockatoo: Vulnerable
Kangaroo Island glossy black cockatoo: Endangered
TheSouth Australian Glossy Black Cockatoo(Calyptorhynchus lathami halmaturinus; GBC) is now only found on Kangaroo Island (an island just off South Australia, reachable by plane or ferry), after becoming extinct from the mainland in the 1970s.
This subspecies ofGBCis very atypical when it comes to cockatoos, unlike its' cousin in theGalah,GBCsare very quiet birds, and can often be noticed when crunching down on Sheoak cones.
Kangaroo Island - about 2.5 hours away from Adelaide by car and ferry (or a quick flight) is where you can find Glossy Black Cockatoos in the wild in South Australia
Other subspecies of theGBCcan be found in the South East of Queensland to Eastern Victoria and are a threatened species. The SA subspecies is smaller but has a bigger bill than those along the Great Dividing Range and east coast of Australia.
TheGlossy Black Cockatoohas a strong spiritual cultural connection and carries deep cultural significance for Aboriginal Australians. This beloved species features heavily in songlines, Dreaming stories and is a vital part of many language groups’ Traditional Ecological Knowledge.
The town of Nowra is named after the Yuin name for black cockatoo. Mount Cambewarra is the site of the black cockatoos' Creation story, where a white cockatoo flew over a major bushfire and turned black.
Glossiesplay a vital ecological role in their environment. Their presence can be a sign of healthy, biodiverse forest as they need old eucalypts with hollows to nest in and casuarina seeds to feed on, all within flying distance (they have been known to fly over a kilometre away from their nests to access food). As seed-eaters, glossies act as forest gardeners, occasionally pruning branches while eating seeds from cones.
Fun Fact: Glossy Black Cockatoos only hold Sheoak cones with their left foot.
Glossy Black Cockatoosare monogamous, meaning each adult bird pairs with one partner for life. They typically lay one egg every one to two years and, occasionally, a second one if the first doesn’t survive. The female incubates the egg for around 30 days while the male provides food and protection, ensuring the well-being of the female and the egg until it hatches.
Adult males have plain brown heads and bright red panels in their tail feathers. where females have barred red tail panels and yellow markings on their head, especially around the neck.
UnlikeGalahswho can be in flocks of a thousand,GBCstend to prefer to keep to smaller crowds, usually pairs, trios or very small groups.
A trio of Glossy Black Cockatoos
How did it go extinct on mainland South Australia?
The clearance of their feeding habitat (Drooping Sheoak), the primary food source ofGBCs, was the likely cause of their extinction on mainland South Australia. They also face the threat of their eggs and nestlings being targeted by the many brushtail possums in Australia.
Galahs, little corellas and feral honey bees all compete with theGBCs for tree hollows, and little corellas andgalahshave been recorded smashingGBCeggs and have been implicated in the killing of small nestlings.
While you can only find theSouth Australian Glossy Black Cockatooon Kangaroo Island, they are still under threat from possums andgalahs(both have been known to eat or destroy eggs), bees who use the same tree cavities to build their hives, bushfires, and occasionally Wedge Tailed Eagles.
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